Belgium Cultural Analysis

I. Presentation II. Brief Discussion of Belgium’s pertinent history III. Topographical Setting a. Area †between France (S) and Holland (N); Germany and Luxembourg (E); and North Sea (W) b. Atmosphere †Belgium has mild climate, warm in summer (May to September) and cool to cold in winter, with snow likely. calm; mellow winters, cool summers; blustery, damp, shady c. d. Geography †The seaside locale, stretching out about 16â€48 km (10â€30 mi) inland, comprises of sand hills, level field land, and polders (land recovered from the ocean and secured by dams), and achieves a limit of 15 m (50 ft) above ocean level. Eastbound, this locale bit by bit offers path to a delicately moving focal plain, whose numerous ripe valleys are flooded by a broad system of channels and conduits. Elevations in this locale are about 60â€180 m (200†600 ft). The Ardennes, a vigorously lush level, is situated in southeast Belgium and proceeds into France. It has a normal elevation of around 460 m (1,500 ft) and arrives at a limit of 694 m (2,277 ft) at the Signal de Botrange, the nation's most noteworthy point. Boss streams are the Schelde (Scheldt, Escaut) and the Meuse (Maas), the two of which ascend in France, course through Belgium, go through the Netherlands, and void into the North Sea. IV. Social Institutions a. Family I. The family unit †Belgians are among the most joyful, most fulfilled individuals on the planet and among the to the least extent liable to leave their nation. bliss is a sheltered and agreeable life imparted to loved ones. A great part of the Belgian culture spins around their family. The Belgian family has stayed affectionate regardless of incredible changes in the public arena because of industrialization. Most kids have a solid feeling of faithfulness not exclusively to their folks, yet in addition to grandparents, kin and cousins. The more distant family has remained moderately close. It isn't bizarre for a family to live in a similar neighborhood or even a similar house all through a lifetime. The normal Belgian family size is 2. 9 individuals. ii. The more distant family †The more distant family has remained generally close. It isn't surprising for a family to live in a similar neighborhood or even a similar house all through a lifetime. iii. Elements of the family . parental jobs †guardians in Belgium sent their youngsters to preschool programs with the goal that they could figure out how to turn out to be progressively free and socially skilled. Most Belgian kids over age 2 go to these state-financed programs full-time. Belgian guardians recorded littler classes and progressively physical training and music as alluring upgrades. 2. Marriage and Courtship †Long marr iage commitment are normal, as is living respectively previously or rather than marriage. Just thoughtful relationships are lawful, yet numerous couples additionally have a strict service. As you announce your wedding in Belgium, the primary thing that you should do is to print two wedding solicitations, one from the lucky man's family and the other from the lady of the hour's family. The solicitations are an image of the association of the two families just as the start of the new association. Following the antiquated Belgium custom the lady of the hour must stroll up the isle to hand her mom a solitary bloom which is trailed by a grasping. After your marriage is over the lady of the hour presents the husband to be's mom a solitary bloom and afterward both of them grasp. This represents the lady of the hour's acknowledgment of her new â€Å"mother† which is basically awesome. Another significant wedding highlight in Belgium is that the lady of the hour must convey a uniquely weaved cloth with her name on it. This is required as after your marriage festivity is over this hanky is surrounded and held tight the divider in a position of respect. There is a whole other world to add to this convention. This very tissue is given to the following female individual from the lady of the hour's family when she intends to get hitched. iv. Female/Male Roles †Fathers are extreme chiefs. Moms control and rule family unit matters v. Instruction 1. The job of training in the public eye a. Essential b. Optional c. Higher d. The structure of the instructive framework comprises of pre school (3-6 years); six years of grade school and six years of auxiliary school. Belgium has two frameworks of training: the state framework and the private (for the most part Catholic) framework. Training is free in both of these frameworks, and the educational plan is the equivalent. There are four kinds of instruction: †¢General Secondary Education (ASO): general training; for the most part hypothetical that gets ready understudies for advanced education. †¢Art Secondary Education (KSO): Along with general subjects, understudies take visual expressions, music, move, dramatization, and so forth. A past information regarding the matter is required. †¢Professional Secondary Education (BSO): in this classification understudies may browse a choice of courses such a hairdressing, auto technicians, and sewing, among others. Understudies finishing the twelfth year level get authentication of higher auxiliary instruction. This confirmation is adequate for higher particular investigation: deciphering, design, specialized building, instructional method, and so on. Just 16 17% of Belgian understudies graduate at this level. Instruction is viewed as significant in Belgium. In this way standard are high and understudies pay attention to class very. At Christmas and Easter schools are shut for about fourteen days. Carnaval and All Saints Day (Nov. 1) bring brief breaks of seven days each. Summer occasions (get-away) last from June 30 to September 1. 2. Proficiency rates †99% more than 15 can peruse and compose vi. Political System 1. Political Structure †government parliamentary majority rule government under an established government 2. Ideological groups †Flemish gatherings: Christian Democratic and Flemish or CDV [Marianne THYSSEN]; Dedecker List [Jean-Marie DEDECKER]; Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD [Bart SOMERS]; Groen! Mieke VOGELS] (in the past AGALEV, Flemish Greens); New Flemish Alliance or N-VA [Bart DE WEVER]; Social Liberal Party or SLP [Geert LAMBERT]; note †preceding 19 April 2008, known as Spirit; Social Progressive Alternative or SP. A [Caroline GENNEZ]; Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Bruno VALKENIERS] Francophone parties: Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Jean-Michel JAVAUX, Isa belle DURANT]; Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH [Joelle MILQUET]; National Front or FN [Daniel HUYGENS]; Reform Movement or MR [Didier REYNDERS]; Socialist Party or PS [Elio DI RUPO]; other minor gatherings 3. Solidness of Government †Very Stable; Original individual from EU and obligation = 80% of GDP 4. Uncommon Taxes †Expatriates in Belgium are for the most part viewed as Belgian expense inhabitants and are along these lines subject to Belgian annual assessment on their overall salary. Notwithstanding, the Belgian specialists have urged multinationals to move outside officials to Belgium by acquainting unique duty concessions with non-Belgians who are ‘temporarily’ working in the nation. The assessment concessions permit such exiles to be treated as non-occupants for charge purposes. The concessions don't make a difference to legacy charge. To meet all requirements for these exceptional concessions, various components are viewed as e. g. ‘does the business contract determine a constrained time? ’, ‘has the expatriate’s family moved? ’, ‘is the expatriate’s focus of monetary and additionally close to home enthusiasm for Belgium? ’, ‘is the work with a passing element? ’. Under the extraordinary concessions: Only Belgian sourced pay is available, including property salary and profit pay, albeit all out around the world, earned pay must be pronounced. Metropolitan assessments are payable at 7% of all out personal expense payable. There is no capital increases charge, with the exception of particular kinds of offer of Belgian property. Ostracizes who profit by the non-inhabitants exceptional assessment system can't summon twofold tax collection understandings since they just apply to support Belgian occupants. 5. Job of Local Government †Each of the areas has a board of 50 to 90 individuals chose for four-year terms by direct testimonial and enabled to enact in issues of neighborhood concern. A representative, designated by the lord, is the most elevated official in every region. There are 589 collectives. Every district has a town gathering chose for a six-year term. The committee chooses an official body called the leading body of council members. The leader of the district is the burgomaster, who is delegated by the sovereign upon assignment by the town gathering. As of late, the quantity of regions has been extraordinarily diminished through union. vii. Legitimate System 1. Association of legal executive framework †The legal executive is an autonomous part of government on an equivalent balance with the administrative and the official branches. Minor offenses are managed by judges of the harmony and police courts. Progressively genuine offenses and common claims are brought under the steady gaze of locale courts of first occurrence. Other area courts are trade and work councils. Decisions rendered by these courts might be claimed under the steady gaze of 5 provincial courts of request or the 5 local work courts in Antwerp, Brussels, Ghent, Mons, and Liege. All offenses deserving of jail sentences of over five years must be managed by the eleven courts of assize (one for every territory and the city of Brussels), the main jury courts in Belgium. The most elevated courts are five common and criminal courts of offer and the preeminent Court of Cassation. The last's capacity is to check that the law has been appropriately applied and deciphered. The lawfulness of enactment is the territory of the Council of State, a warning legitimate gathering. 2. Code, normal, communist, or Islamic law nation? Belgian Civil Code 3. Investment in Patents, trademarks, different shows †Yes viii. Social Organizations 1. Gathering conduct †2. Social Classes †There is a generally even dissemination of riches, with 5 to 6 p

Competency Based Training free essay sample

COMPETENCY BASED TRAINING SIP Project report submitted in halfway satisfaction of the necessities for the PGDM Program By Abhishek Kumar Pandey Supervisors: 1. Mr. Aditya Sareen (Manager, Delhi International Airport Ltd. ) 2. Prof. N. Y. Phadnis (Professor, IMT Nagpur) INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY, NAGPUR 2009-11 Competency Based Training SIP at DIAL | GMR Acknowledgment I accept this open door to express gratitude toward Mr. ASK Reddy, CHRO, Delhi International Airport Private Ltd for furnishing me with a chance of doing an undertaking with a presumed organization like GMR. I might want to communicate genuine gratitude to Mr. Sunil Bhardwaj, GM (Talent Development Group). His experiences on the specialized and conduct viewpoints in a corporate world have ingrained in me a feeling of development to handle a corporate nearness. I might likewise want to says thanks to Mr. Aditya Sareen, Manager (Talent Development Group) for giving me this chance of taking a shot at such a huge theme in HR. Likewise, my earnest appreciation to Ms. Deepti Kurian, Associate Manager (Talent Development Group), for her understanding and huge data sources. Last yet not the least, my genuine gratitude to everybody at TDG Department, for their huge contributions to the undertaking. I am profoundly obliged to Prof. N. Y. Phadnis of Institute of Management Technology, Nagpur, for his help all through the task time frame. I am additionally satisfied by the important information sources I got from other employees of my organization, which reduced my venture information. Abhishek Kr. Pandey 2009038 PGDM 2009-11 IMT Nagpur Institute of Management Technology, Nagpur Page 2 Competency Based Training SIP at DIAL | GMR Organization of Management Technology, Nagpur Page 3 Competency Based Training SIP at DIAL | GMR TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Affirmation 2. Endorsement 3. Chapter by chapter list 4. Official Summary 5. Goals of the examination 6. Presentation a. GMR b. About DIAL 7. HR at DIAL its Hierarchy 8. Ideas/Models utilized in the Study a. What is Competency b. What isn't a Competency c. What is competency mapping d. When Do we map Competency e. Idea of Competency Dictionary f. Suggestions I. For Organization ii. For Managers iii. For Employees g. Focal points and Disadvantages 9. Competency Based Training a. Presentation b. Advancement of CBT c. Importance d. Points of interest e. Impediments 10. Execution at DIAL 11. Impacts on the approaches and procedures of the association 12. Finishing up Recommendations 13. List of sources References Institute of Management Technology, Nagpur Page 4 Competency Based Training SIP at DIAL | GMR Executive Summary â€Å"The Familiarization and usage of the competency based preparing program at Delhi International Airport Ltd. † The Delhi International Airport Ltd. is very nearly culmination of Terminal-3 Project. It has just been recognized as the â€Å"Most Improved Airport† in its class. For keeping up the exclusive expectations set by the association at the very beginning of the Project, Human Resource division should assume a significant job in the association. The HR Department should think of imaginative just as practical choices so as to ad lib or if nothing else keep up the profitability level of the workers. It is this need, which requests the usage of Competency Based Training at Delhi International Airport Limited. Enrollment, Succession Planning, Training and Development would be normalized by the Competency Based model so as to amplify the adequacy of this execution. It has additionally been seen that Competency Based Training Methodology is another term for the representatives to manage and thus would require a Familiarization before driving it energetically. The Organization has an approach of guaranteeing five man long stretches of preparing and advancement for every worker in the association. Accordingly, usage of the competency based preparing could assume a huge job in creating an exceptionally effective, Productive and Trained Manpower. This thus would improve the chance of accomplishing the outlined Business objectives in the guessed time. Likewise, the association has an enormous exhibit of levels, under which representatives are put. Mapped competency for the worker, which is a piece of competency based preparing, would empower HR to put the planned representative in the correct level making a match between the Position and the Person. This would be encouraged by the competency based preparing. As the competency based preparing has its own complexities which begin to divulge once you start with the execution. So as is commonly said â€Å"It is smarter to forestall and get ready than to atone and fix. † For maintaining a strategic distance from the hiccups during the real usage stage, it is better on the off chance that a reproduction is done progress of time and, at that point the making arrangements for the genuine turn out of the execution is followed. This is the essential target of this task work †to give DIAL a prepared reckoner for the execution of the Competency based preparing, giving an itemizing to every single moment of the issues. Establishment of Management Technology, Nagpur Page 5 Competency Based Training SIP at DIAL | GMR Group The GMR Group is one of the main and quickest developing private division associations of India with exceptional interests in Airports, Urban Infrastructure and Energy. Established in 1978 by Grandhi Malikkarjun Rao, the Group is all around enhanced and expertly oversaw. Vision To manufacture innovative associations those have any kind of effect to society through formation of significant worth. Qualities Beliefs: The gathering has a culture of its Values and Beliefs which are as per the following: Humility-Value scholarly unobtrusiveness and aversion bogus pride and pomposity Entrepreneurship Seek openings they are wherever Teamwork and Relationships Going past the individual empowering boundaryless conduct Deliver the guarantee Value a profound awareness of other's expectations and self-control, to meet and outperform on duties made Learning Nurturing dynamic interest †to address, share, and improve Social Responsibility Anticipating and meeting applicable and rising needs of society Respect for Individuals Treat others with nobility, affectability and respect GMR Group is one of the quickest developing foundation associations in the nation with premiums in Airports, Energy, Highways and Urban Infrastructure (counting SEZ). Utilizing the Public Private Partnership model, the Group has effectively actualized a few framework extends in India. Foundation of Management Te chnology, Nagpur Page 6 Competency Based Training SIP at DIAL | GMR Infrastructure Limited is the foundation holding organization framed to finance the capital prerequisites of different framework extends in the Group? s Energy, Highways and Airport business. It embraces the advancement of the foundation extends through its different auxiliaries. Also, different center zone of the Group is the Agri-business with Sugar as its primary product offering. GMR Industries Limited is the holding organization for the Groups Agri-Business. The Group? s pledge to comprehensive development is accomplished through its Corporate Social Responsibility arm †the GMR Varalakshmi Foundation (GMRVF). GMRVF works with the under-special areas of the network in all the areas where the Group has business interests. The different fields wherein the Group is practical are as per the following: Agri Business: GMR Industries Limited (GIDL) is the Agri business division of the GMR Group, one of the quickest and most dynamic business houses in India. GIDL produces predominant evaluation sugar and related items. Also, are similarly dedicated to the financial advancement of the ranchers through their rancher association activities by giving help with cultivating rehearses and by embraced different monetary activities to help the neighborhood networks. The sugar producing office is confirmed ISO 9000:2001 and the refinery is affirmed zero-emanating. The different tasks embraced by GMR Group are: ? ? ? Sankili Sugar Plant Ramdurg Sugar Complex Haliyal Sugar Complex Fig. Sankili Sugar Plant Institute of Management Technology, Nagpur Fig. GMR Energy Ltd. Page 7 Competency Based Training SIP at D IAL | GMR Infrastructure, as a major aspect of its business system to unequivocally situate the gathering in the Global vitality advertise, has gained a half stake in Intergen, a main worldwide force age organization, headquartered in neatherlands. The half stake was bought from AIG Highstar. The exchange was finished in October 2008. Intergen? s one of a kind working qualities give gigantic lift to GMR? s esteem creation capacity. The activities are intended to use long haul PPA, fuel understandings other organized agreements for hazard alleviation and Sustainable returns. URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE: GMR Group went into a MOU with Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation (TIDCO) for the improvement of a Multi Product Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Krishnagiri District, Tamil Nadu. The SEZ will be created through a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) to be set up through a Joint Venture organization with TIDCO. This multi-item SEZ will be spread around 3300 sections of land in the Krishnagiri District of Tamil Nadu. The choice of the codeveloper by TIDCO was helped out through a two-phase serious offering process. The nonagricultural land is relied upon to be obtained by the SPV over a time of one year. The SEZ is beneficially situated in nearness to Bangalore. The whole advancement procedure to be finished by 2014. ? This multi item SEZ will concentrate on an assortment of enterprises going from Bio Technology, IT and ITES other than the customary gadgets and building zones. ? It will be of worldwide measures containing, green hallways with an exceptional accentuation on high caliber and social framework. Biological effectiveness and manageability will be the key components. ? Extra advantage

How to Stay Healthy While Sitting

How to Stay Healthy While Sitting Being a Healthy Student While Stuck at a Computer Being a Healthy Student While Stuck at a Computer Being a healthy student is something that comes naturally to us when we are younger. During elementary and high school, so much of our lives seem devoted to play and exercise (and at the very least, we have designated exercise periods that are mandatory parts of the curriculum), most young people just automatically figure they are in good health. Once you hit university however (and it only gets more difficult after), staying healthy while meeting the demands of school and personal/work life can take a toll on your health. This is even more true in the digital era, where so much of our time is spent, and so much of our work involves sitting in front of a computer screen for hours at a time. All of this sitting and staring is not what human beings, or the human body were meant to do. It’s not good for us, and in order to compensate for all of this we need to be sure we are protecting and fortifying our bodies as well, or health concerns might replace academic concerns in due course. Below are some tips on how to stay healthy as a student, despite the fact that you are sitting and looking at a screen all day. Light settings for healthy eyes There is likely not a person in the world who uses a computer on a regular basis who hasn’t, at some point, experienced both dry and sore eyes, as well as, perhaps, headaches, as a direct result of too much screen exposure. But it is not just the fact that you are sitting and staring at artificial light; it’s the kind of light you are constantly exposed to. When you sit and stare at a computer screen (or really any kind of flat, or LED screen) you are looking at blue light. Blue light is the same wavelength of light that we get from the sun and, in moderate, controlled doses, it is good for us. Blue light from digital devices, however, and can end up causing eye strain, and some studies have shown that prolonged exposure to blue light can even lead to retina damage over time. If you want to save your eyes while you are working on your laptop or school computer, go into the settings and change the light composition. You can do this on almost all new computers. There is a slide you can play with that lets you increase or decrease the amount of blue light you are seeing, and if you make the light warmer (i.e. less blue), you will notice an immediate difference. Take frequent breaks to stand up and walk around A healthy student, and a healthy person in general, is someone who takes frequent breaks to stand up and walk/move around. Much of academic life, when it is not spent shuffling to and from class, is spent sitting in front of a screen, or with a book or paper, contemplating, writing, and thinking. While you can do all of these things standing up, most people do them sitting down, often slouched in a chair, on a couch, or in one’s bed. What’s worse, they are often done while dehydrated, and after having consumed food and drinks that only add insult to injury. If you are reading, writing, or studying for long periods of time in front of a screen, you have to take frequent breaks to stand, walk, stretch and relieve some of the pressure on your joints and internal organs. This could be as simple as getting and taking a 10 minutes walk around your building, doing some push ups, using a chin-up bar you’ve installed, doing some jumping jacks, even just walking to the kitchen to make yourself a cup of tea. The potential health effects of a largely sedentary lifestyle are well-documented, and they are not good. Have an exercise routine The key to a balanced lifestyle is everything in moderation, including exercise. While it is not always feasible to have a daily exercise routine, it is entirely possible to work exercise into your week at least a couple of times. Being a healthy student, while requiring some effort, is within the grasp of most people (barring some sort of health condition that is out of your control). Most campuses have at least one gym, and perhaps several sports and exercise facilities that you are allowed to take advantage of as part of your tuition fees. You should use them. Not only is exercise good for us physically, but it has also been shown to be good for us mentally. Even a little bit of exercise, in fact, can have a significant positive effect on our happiness and overall outlook on life. This could mean going for a run a few times a week, taking an exercise class a couple of times a week, going for a hike, or even just an extended long walk. If you still find that your understandably busy schedule is not allowing you to find time to take care of your mind and body, consider a professional essay writing service to help free up some time and get you a great mark at the same time. Staying healthy throughout our adult lives is something that increases in difficulty the more responsibility we take on. As you progress through university, into your career, think about possibly starting a family, etc. your health can fall by the wayside something which only increases in potential severity the older you get. You don’t want to find out that you’ve been too neglectful of your health at a point in your life when it is harder to make a comeback. If you are serious about remaining a healthy student while you are at university, then keep the above tips and considerations in mind, and if you still need some help freeing up some healthy you time, contact Homework Help Global and let a professional essay writer help free up some ‘you’ time. References: (2019). “Blue light and your eyes.” Prevent Blindness. Retrieved from: blue-light-and-your-eyes Reynolds, G. (2018). “Even a little exercise might make us happier.” New York Times. Retrieved from: How to Stay Healthy While Sitting Being a Healthy Student While Stuck at a Computer Being a Healthy Student While Stuck at a Computer Being a healthy student is something that comes naturally to us when we are younger. During elementary and high school, so much of our lives seem devoted to play and exercise (and at the very least, we have designated exercise periods that are mandatory parts of the curriculum), most young people just automatically figure they are in good health. Once you hit university however (and it only gets more difficult after), staying healthy while meeting the demands of school and personal/work life can take a toll on your health. This is even more true in the digital era, where so much of our time is spent, and so much of our work involves sitting in front of a computer screen for hours at a time. All of this sitting and staring is not what human beings, or the human body were meant to do. It’s not good for us, and in order to compensate for all of this we need to be sure we are protecting and fortifying our bodies as well, or health concerns might replace academic concerns in due course. Below are some tips on how to stay healthy as a student, despite the fact that you are sitting and looking at a screen all day. Light settings for healthy eyes There is likely not a person in the world who uses a computer on a regular basis who hasn’t, at some point, experienced both dry and sore eyes, as well as, perhaps, headaches, as a direct result of too much screen exposure. But it is not just the fact that you are sitting and staring at artificial light; it’s the kind of light you are constantly exposed to. When you sit and stare at a computer screen (or really any kind of flat, or LED screen) you are looking at blue light. Blue light is the same wavelength of light that we get from the sun and, in moderate, controlled doses, it is good for us. Blue light from digital devices, however, and can end up causing eye strain, and some studies have shown that prolonged exposure to blue light can even lead to retina damage over time. If you want to save your eyes while you are working on your laptop or school computer, go into the settings and change the light composition. You can do this on almost all new computers. There is a slide you can play with that lets you increase or decrease the amount of blue light you are seeing, and if you make the light warmer (i.e. less blue), you will notice an immediate difference. Take frequent breaks to stand up and walk around A healthy student, and a healthy person in general, is someone who takes frequent breaks to stand up and walk/move around. Much of academic life, when it is not spent shuffling to and from class, is spent sitting in front of a screen, or with a book or paper, contemplating, writing, and thinking. While you can do all of these things standing up, most people do them sitting down, often slouched in a chair, on a couch, or in one’s bed. What’s worse, they are often done while dehydrated, and after having consumed food and drinks that only add insult to injury. If you are reading, writing, or studying for long periods of time in front of a screen, you have to take frequent breaks to stand, walk, stretch and relieve some of the pressure on your joints and internal organs. This could be as simple as getting and taking a 10 minutes walk around your building, doing some push ups, using a chin-up bar you’ve installed, doing some jumping jacks, even just walking to the kitchen to make yourself a cup of tea. The potential health effects of a largely sedentary lifestyle are well-documented, and they are not good. Have an exercise routine The key to a balanced lifestyle is everything in moderation, including exercise. While it is not always feasible to have a daily exercise routine, it is entirely possible to work exercise into your week at least a couple of times. Being a healthy student, while requiring some effort, is within the grasp of most people (barring some sort of health condition that is out of your control). Most campuses have at least one gym, and perhaps several sports and exercise facilities that you are allowed to take advantage of as part of your tuition fees. You should use them. Not only is exercise good for us physically, but it has also been shown to be good for us mentally. Even a little bit of exercise, in fact, can have a significant positive effect on our happiness and overall outlook on life. This could mean going for a run a few times a week, taking an exercise class a couple of times a week, going for a hike, or even just an extended long walk. If you still find that your understandably busy schedule is not allowing you to find time to take care of your mind and body, consider a professional essay writing service to help free up some time and get you a great mark at the same time. Staying healthy throughout our adult lives is something that increases in difficulty the more responsibility we take on. As you progress through university, into your career, think about possibly starting a family, etc. your health can fall by the wayside something which only increases in potential severity the older you get. You don’t want to find out that you’ve been too neglectful of your health at a point in your life when it is harder to make a comeback. If you are serious about remaining a healthy student while you are at university, then keep the above tips and considerations in mind, and if you still need some help freeing up some healthy you time, contact Homework Help Global and let a professional essay writer help free up some ‘you’ time. References: (2019). “Blue light and your eyes.” Prevent Blindness. Retrieved from: blue-light-and-your-eyes Reynolds, G. (2018). “Even a little exercise might make us happier.” New York Times. Retrieved from:

Civil Rights Activist Fannie Lou Hamer Quotes

Fannie Lou Hamer, called the spirit of the Civil Rights Movement, led the way with organizing ability, music, and stories, helping to win the right to vote for African Americans in the South. See: Fannie Lou Hamer Biography Selected Fannie Lou Hamer Quotations †¢ Im sick and tired of being sick and tired. †¢ To support whatever is right, and to bring in justice where weve had so much injustice. †¢ Nobodys free until everybodys free. †¢ We serve God by serving our fellow man; kids are suffering from malnutrition. People are going to the fields hungry. If you are a Christian, we are tired of being mistreated. †¢ Whether you have a Ph.D., or no D, were in this bag together. And whether youre from Morehouse or Nohouse, were still in this bag together. Not to fight to try to liberate ourselves from the men -- this is another trick to get us fighting among ourselves -- but to work together with the black man, then we will have a better chance to just act as human beings, and to be treated as human beings in our sick society. †¢ There is one thing you have got to learn about our movement. Three people are better than no people. †¢ One night I went to the church. They had a mass meeting. And I went to the church, and they talked about how it was our right, that we could register and vote. They were talking about we could vote out people that we didnt want in office, we thought that wasnt right, that we could vote them out. That sounded interesting enough to me that I wanted to try it. I had never heard, until 1962, that black people could register and vote. †¢ When they asked for those to raise their hands whod go down to the courthouse the next day, I raised mine. Had it high up as I could get it. I guess if Id had any sense Idve been a little scared, but what was the point of being scared? The only thing they could do to me was kill me and it seemed like theyd been trying to do that a little bit at a time ever since I could remember. †¢ The landowner said I would have to go back to withdraw or I would have to leave and so I told him I didnt go down there to register for him, I was down there to register for myself. †¢ I am determined to get every Negro in the state of Mississippi registered. †¢ They just kept beating me and telling me, You nigger bitch, were gonna make you wish you were dead. ... Every day of my life I pay with the misery of that beating. †¢ on northern racism, speaking in New York: The manll shoot you in the face in Mississippi, and you turn around hell shoot you in the back here. †¢ in nationally-televised testimony to the Credentials Committee of the Democratic National Convention, 1964: If the Freedom Democratic Party is not seated now, I question America. Is this America? The land of the free and the home of the brave? Where we have to sleep with our telephones off the hook, because our lives be threatened daily. †¢ When the Democratic National Committee offered a compromise in 1964 to seat 2 delegates of the 60 sent by the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party: We didnt come for no two seats when all of us is tired. †¢ to Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, who brought a compromise offer to the MFDP delegates: Do you mean to tell me that your position is more important than four hundred thousand black peoples lives? ... Now if you lose this job of Vice-President because you do what is right, because you help the MFDP, everything will be all right. God will take care of you. But if you take it this way, why, you will never be able to do any good for civil rights, for poor people, for peace, or any of those things you talk about. Senator Humphrey, Im going to pray to Jesus for you. †¢ Question to her mother when she was a child: Why werent we white? †¢ We are sick and tired of our people having to go to Vietnam and other places to fight for something we dont have here. Quotes About Fannie Lou Hamer: †¢ Hamer biographer Kay Mills: If Fannie Lou Hamer had had the same opportunities that Martin Luther King had, then we would have had a female Martin Luther King. †¢ June Johnson: Im amazed at how she put fear in the hearts of powerful people like Lyndon B. Johnson. †¢ Constance Slaughter-Harvey: Fannie Lou Hamer made me realize that we’re nothing unless we can hold this system accountable and the way we hold this system accountable is to vote and to take an active note to determine who our leaders are. More About Fannie Lou Hamer Fannie Lou Hamer BiographyWomen and the Civil Rights Movement About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote.

Seattle Times Report Climate Change - 1266 Words

Seattle Times Report: Climate-change effects are already apparent in NW Review by Laura Sanders INTRODUCTION Seattle Times reporter Sandi Doughton wrote an article about the impacts climate change is having and could potentially have in the future on the Pacific Northwest. The article outlines the findings in the third National Climate Assessment, published in 2014. The National Climate Assessment summarizes the impacts on climate change on the United States and is compiled by a team of more than 300 experts, extensively reviewed by the public and experts, and includes federal agencies and a panel of the National Academy of Sciences. The article by Doughton describes some of the controversy surrounding the report and outlines the findings specific to the PNW calling attention to the changes that will have the most widespread effects on the people, economy and environment in this area. NARRATIVE OF ISSUE Nationwide temperatures have increased by 1.3-1.9 degrees fahrenheit since 1970, says the NCA (National Climate Assessment) report and the last ten years were the hottest on record in the U.S. The country has experienced more intense storms, fewer cold snaps, alterations in migratory bird patterns and native plant migrations. The main issues that were highlighted specific to the PNW were the effects on the water related challenges, the region’s forests, coastal impacts and adapting agriculture techniques. 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United States Vs Midwest Solvent Recovery Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(75) " from beginning to beginning within a state depending on national demands\." In the instance of the United States v. Midwest Solvent Recovery, I believe that the the suspect ( Midwest Solvent Recovery, Inc. ) was negligent in the operation of the installations and that the two sites became a public nuisance. We will write a custom essay sample on United States Vs Midwest Solvent Recovery Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now First of all, in the class of runing its concern, Midwest Solvent placed a big figure of membranophones on belongingss next to the Midco # 1 site without the permission or presentment of the belongingss ‘ proprietors. It was besides a residential country. In add-on, the country # 1 was n’t guarded and they was n’t fenced-in, intending that they did non make much to forestall accidents. The membranophones incorporating risky stuff were besides non stored or disposed suitably ( Weinberg, 2006 ) . This is negligent of the suspect because they were neglecting to exert the attention expected of a reasonably prudent individual in such fortunes ( Cornell University Law School, 2011 ) . Then fire of enormous size broke out on Midco # 1 and in the class of the wining hebdomad ravaged the site. The fire consumed much of the chemical waste stuffs stored in the 1000s of membranophones stacked on the land and on each other. The fire caused the coevals of toxic exhausts and caused a big figure of the 55-gallon membranophones to rocket up to 250 pess in the air ( Weinberg, 2006 ) . Besides, the toxicant waste penetrated through top dirt, possibly even making H2O tabular arraies. I believe this is a nuisance because it was something unauthorised that became deleterious to the community at big ( Adams, 2006 ) . An injunction to forestall pollution prevents a threatened hurt, preserves the position quo, or restrains the continued committee of an on-going incorrect but can non be used to right a consummated wrong or to undo that which has already been done. On the other manus, an injunction that requires remotion of pollution attempts do undo what has already been done. If we evaluate the cost-benefit analysis, it would do more sense to hold a preventive attack as it is less dearly-won and frequently less work/trouble/complicated than to take pollution that is already in the air, H2O, and/or dirt ( Mayer, 2007 ) . Besides, in public wellness our end is to forestall diseases because if we merely took action after everyone had diseases, it may be excessively late for some ( no hope of acquiring better ) . As it is best described â€Å" an ounce of bar is worth a lb of remedy † . This is the same rule with the environment. If we do non forestall pollution, so it could make threshold and our wellness could endure. Although there may be ways to take some beginnings of taint, non all taint from the air, dirt, and H2O is possible. It may besides be excessively late to recover what we one time had. This is why we are seeking to take action on planetary heating effects today before it does excessively much harm to our environment, therefore our wellness ( Mayer, 2007 ) . The general responsibility clause of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) has criterions that require employers to take control steps for the dangers of specific jeopardies or operations ( e.g. electricity and confined infinite work ) . However, the authorization who created and wrote the OSHA Torahs understood that it would be impossible to anticipate and make a criterion for every jeopardy in the workplace. Therefore, they added a subdivision to the jurisprudence necessitating employers to protect against other foreseeable jeopardies non covered by a specific OSHA criterion. This is what they call the aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"General Dutyaa‚ ¬A? clause ( McGuire, 2004 ) . For a jeopardy to be covered by the general responsibility clause it must be recognized. Over the old ages, OSHA has issued reading letters bespeaking specific jeopardies that could be considered recognized, including most notably ergonomic hazards, heat and cold emphasis and workplace force ( Demby, 2009 ) . As earlier, OSHA will find whether a peculiar jeopardy is recognized on a individual footing. But the new Field Operations Manual clarifies the standard OSHA will utilize to measure acknowledgment of jeopardies. More significantly, the standards themselves are highly wide and will do it much easier for OSHA to happen that a jeopardy was recognized ( Demby, 2009 ) . A material safety informations sheet ( MSDS ) is a signifier with informations sing the belongingss of a peculiar substance. It provide workers and exigency forces with processs for managing or working with that substance in a safe mode, and includes information such as physical informations ( brassy point, runing point, boiling point, etc. ) , toxicity, wellness effects, foremost assistance, responsiveness, storage, disposal, protective equipment, and spill-handling processs. MSDS formats can change from beginning to beginning within a state depending on national demands. You read "United States Vs Midwest Solvent Recovery Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" The MSDS besides provide instructions on proper substance usage, therefore supplying utile hazard communicating and ways to assist forestall workplace hurts ( U.S. Department of Labor, 2010 ) . Because of the earnestness of these safety and wellness jobs, and because many employers and employees know small or nil about them, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) issued the Hazard Communication Standard. The basic end of the criterion is to be certain employers and employees know about work jeopardies and how to protect themselves ; this should assist to cut down the incidence of chemical beginning unwellness and hurts. The Hazard Communication Standard establishes unvarying demands to do certain that the jeopardies of all chemicals imported into, produced, or used in U.S. workplaces are evaluated, and that this jeopardy information is transmitted to affected employers and exposed employees via MSDS ( U.S. Department of Labor, 1998 ) . A material safety informations sheet ( MSDS ) is a signifier with informations sing the belongingss of a peculiar substance. It provide workers and exigency forces with processs for managing or working with that substance in a safe mode, and includes information such as physical informations ( brassy point, runing point, boiling point, etc. ) , toxicity, wellness effects, foremost assistance, responsiveness, storage, disposal, protective equipment, and spill-handling processs. MSDS formats can change from beginning to beginning within a state depending on national demands. The MSDS besides provide instructions on proper substance usage, therefore supplying utile hazard communicating and ways to assist forestall workplace hurts ( U.S. Department of Labor, 2010 ) . Because of the earnestness of these safety and wellness jobs, and because many employers and employees know small or nil about them, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) issued the Hazard Communication Standard. The basic end of the criterion is to be certain employers and employees know about work jeopardies and how to protect themselves ; this should assist to cut down the incidence of chemical beginning unwellness and hurts. The Hazard Communication Standard establishes unvarying demands to do certain that the jeopardies of all chemicals imported into, produced, or used in U.S. workplaces are evaluated, and that this jeopardy information is transmitted to affected employers and exposed employees via MSDS ( U.S. Department of Labor, 1998 ) . Despite the name, the Superfund trust fund lacks sufficient financess to clean up even a little figure of the sites on the National Priorities List ( NPL ) . As a consequence, the authorities will typically order potentially responsible party ( PRPs ) to clean up the site themselves. If a party fails to follow with such an order, it may be fined up to $ 25,000 for each twenty-four hours that non-compliance continues. A party that spends money to clean up a site may action certain other PRPs under the CERCLA. A related proviso allows a party that has reimbursed another party ‘s response costs to seek part from other PRPs, during or after the original case. An â€Å" orphan portion † is the portion of waste at a Superfund site that can non be collected because the PRP is either unidentifiable or insolvent ( Weinberg, 2006 ) . Although the reply to this hebdomad ‘s treatment inquiry can convey up controversial argument, I believe that it ‘s just that the exercising of due attention is non considered a defence in Superfund. If person by chance contaminates an country with risky waste, it should be their duty to clean-up their muss, whether or non care was taken to forestall this accident. By making so, it teaches people that they need to take duty for their actions and should guarantee that preventive steps are taken to guarantee to no accidents occur in the first topographic point. It ‘s the same rule as having a Canis familiaris. The Canis familiaris may be fenced-in the backyard, but if that Canis familiaris someway digs a hole under the fencing and does damage to the neighbour ‘s pace, it ‘s still the proprietor ‘s duty to take attention of that Canis familiaris and to repair what the Canis familiaris damaged ( apt ) , despite that steps were put into topographic poin t to forestall this. In add-on, the costs associated with the killing of risky stuffs should non come out of guiltless taxpayers ‘ pockets because finally, they are n’t the 1s managing the risky waste and have n’t do the accident. The 1s that are responsible should pay the monetary value for their errors ( Weinberg, 2006 ) . Sick edifice causes are often pinned down to blemish in the warming, airing, and air conditioning ( HVAC ) systems. Other causes have been attributed to contaminations produced by outgassing of some types of edifice stuffs, volatile organic compounds ( VOC ) , casts, improper fumes airing of ozone ( by-product of some office machinery ) , light industrial chemicals used within, or deficiency of equal fresh-air intake/air filtration ( Sick Building Syndrome and indoor clime control, n.d. ) . Some edifice proprietors view ill edifice syndrome as the fact that many people feel better when they are non at work. However, if more than 20 % of edifice residents complain of symptoms such as centripetal annoyance of the eyes, nose, pharynx ; neurotoxic or general wellness jobs ; clamber annoyance ; nonspecific hypersensitivity reactions ; and olfactory property and gustatory sensation esthesiss, it is considered as Sick Building Syndrome ( SBS ) ( Lawrence, 2002 ) . Several ill residents may describe person symptoms which do non look to be connected. The key to find is the increased incidence of unwellnesss in general with oncoming or aggravation within a reasonably close clip frame, normally within a period of hebdomads. In most instances, SBS symptoms will be relieved shortly after the residents leave the peculiar room or zone. However, there can be lingering effects of assorted neurolysins, which may non unclutter up when the resident leaves the edifice. Particularly in sensi tive persons there can be long-run wellness effects ( EPA, 2011 ) . The ordinances by OSHA are intended to turn to indoor air quality in indoor work environments and besides try to command environmental baccy fume. The ordinances are of peculiar involvement because they are directed at landlords and renters likewise. Specifically, an employer is defined under the ordinance to include edifice proprietors and leaseholders who control airing or care of premises where employees of other employers work. In cases where there are multiple employers/lessees within a individual edifice, the ordinances contemplate a sharing of duty. OSHA specifically states in its remarks on the proposed ordinances that â€Å" where there is a multi-employer work site, [ it is contemplated ] that the affected employers will split up the duties in the mode in which they make the most sense † ( EPA, 2011 ) There are more than 100,000 known species of cast, some of which can do respiratory jobs, skin/nose/throat annoyance, sinus congestion, chronic weariness, and oculus annoyance to call a few. Many place and workplace related complaints are now being attributed entirely or in portion to model. The dangers are potentially fatal to babies and persons with weak immune systems ( EPA, 2010 ) . Mold is most likely to turn where there is H2O or moistness. Preventing mold taint before it starts is best because the undertaking of decontamination could be overpowering. The four primary activities to assist forestall the spread of cast toxins are: 1. Excess wet decrease 2. Dust control 3. Ventilation and control of toxins 4. Education ( Lawrence, 2002 ) In general the EPA does non urge trying unless an resident of the infinite is diagnostic. When sampling is necessary it should be performed by a trained professional who has specific experience in planing mold-sampling protocols, trying methods, and the reading of findings. The most common signifier of trying to measure the degree of cast. Sampling of the interior and out-of-door air is conducted and the consequences to the degree of cast spores inside the premises and exterior are compared. Often, air trying will supply positive designation of the being of non-visible cast ( EPA, 2010 ) . Of class the first measure in work outing an indoor cast job is halting the beginning of wet. Next is to take the mold growing. Common remedies for little happenings of mold include: * Sunlight * Ventilation * Non-porous edifice stuffs * Household cleansing agents ( EPA, 2011 ) As a general regulation, merely killing the cast with a biocide is non plenty. The cast must be removed since the chemicals and proteins, which cause a reaction in worlds, are still present even in dead cast ( Maine Indoor Air Quality Council, 2010 ) . I believe that the proposed indoor air criterion was ne’er put into consequence because since the proposal was issued, many provinces and local authoritiess and private employers have taken action to restrict smoke in public countries and in workplaces. In add-on, the part of the proposal non related to environmental baccy smoke received small attending during the rulemaking proceedings, and much of that consisted of commenters naming into inquiry important parts of the proposal. As a consequence, record grounds back uping the non-environmental baccy smoke part of the proposal is thin ( EPA, 2011 ) . In peculiar a licence may be issued by governments, to let or restrict an activity that would otherwise be forbidden. It may necessitate paying a fee and/or turn outing a capableness. The demand may besides function to maintain the governments informed on a type of activity, and to give them the chance to put conditions and restrictions ( Burton and Sanjour, 1970 ) . Emissions trading is an attack used to command pollution by supplying economic inducements for accomplishing decreases in the emanations of pollutants. The overall end of an emanations trading program is to minimise the cost of run intoing a set emanations mark. The cap is an enforceable bound on emanations that is normally lowered over clip, taking towards a national emanations decrease mark. In other systems a part of all traded credits must be retired, doing a net decrease in emanations each clip a trade occurs. In many cap-and-trade systems, organisations which do non foul may besides take part, therefore environmental groups can buy and retire allowances or credits and therefore drive up the monetary value of the balance harmonizing to the jurisprudence of demand ( Environment, Climate Change A ; Water, 2011 ) . A cardinal authorization ( normally a governmental organic structure ) sets a bound or cap on the sum of a pollutant that can be emitted. The bound or cap is allocated or sold to houses in the signifier of emanations licenses which represent the right to breathe or dispatch a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Firms are required to keep a figure of licenses ( or carbon credits ) equivalent to their emanations. The entire figure of licenses can non transcend the cap, restricting entire emanations to that degree. Firms that need to increase their emanation permits must purchase licenses from those who require fewer licenses. The transportation of licenses is referred to as a trade ( EPA, 2003 ) . In consequence, the purchaser is paying a charge for fouling, while the marketer is being rewarded for holding reduced emanations. Therefore, in theory, those who can cut down emanations most cheaply will make so, accomplishing the pollution decrease at the lowest cost to society ( En vironment, Climate Change A ; Water, 2011 ) . How to cite United States Vs Midwest Solvent Recovery Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Financial Management Theory and Applications †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Financial Management Theory and Applications. Answer: Introduction: Any changes in accounting activities have the ability to alter financial information for given period. In that case, company plans to change accounting principles reporting entities or estimates the company that should follow a reporting framework as it has been established by FASB (Stice Stice, 2013). In addition, it is needed to disclose the changes in the financial statement of a company especially with changes in accounting estimates. Therefore, company cannot always determine the future prospect when certain assets are involves as well as company need to report estimates based on current values of assets or in that case depreciation methods. The company will have higher cash inflow as a result of change in principles and estimates. In order to remain ahead of competition, the company should adopt declining balance method. This is due to the reason because declining balance method is preferable as the cash flow will be higher for given years. Using this depreciation method will be suitable for long-term assets and managing it for given period of time. This method should be adopted by the company as it helps in getting better results during initial years. The income of the company determines the accounting methods when it makes use of estimations in the most appropriate way. The accounting principle of full disclosure needs the presentation as shown in the financial statement of the company. The particular schedule discloses the details of each of the contract stage of completion as well as profitability to date and current period of reporting. It is the responsibility of the management to makes the accounting estimations for a company that include financial statements. The estimation made can be either subjective or objective in nature as it results to an estimation of an amount during the date of financial statements. The judgment of the management purely based on the knowledge as well as experience on matters relating to past and current events for possi ble course of action. At the time of evaluating the financial statement of any company, it is important for the management to identify all the accounting estimates by adopting the methods of conducting business activities as well as new accounting pronouncements and many other external factors (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2013). It is important for the management to obtain an understanding on how management developed an estimate. The management needs to use combination of approaches that need to review as well as testing process used by the company in developing an estimate. It is essential to develop an independent expectation of the estimate for coordinating with the estimation of the management (Petty et al., 2015). Errors that are counter balanced will have no direct effect on the debit as well as credit side of the financial statement. It is due to the fact that errors that are set off with each other will have affected on the financial statements directly (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2013). Furthermore, the errors need to be determined if there is any counterbalances or when the journal entry is required to correct the books of entry as a whole. Any accounting office if scrutinized properly have errors in their general ledger as it is made or prepared by using manpower or human resource. Due to this, it gives rise to human error that can be minimized by using technology or computerized information systems (Petty et al., 2015). It is thereby recommended to correct the errors when it is detected within the current period. If in case, the errors are not detected, some try to fix themselves for given period of time or take several years to correct the same. There is particularly no difference between th ese errors as it will counterbalance and carried out from one period to other. It is important to identify the differences and then provide justification for the same for given period of time. On identifying the differences, it is noted that these issues have no direct effect on the balance sheet or income statement accounts for given period of time frame. It is therefore needed to implement a systematic method that will help to analyze the error for determining the counterbalance entry or journal entry if in case it is needed to implement in the books of entry (Arnold 2013). The present study properly explains the concept that errors need be minimized as far as possible so that there are no misstated figures in the financial statements. Reference List Arnold, G., 2013.Corporate financial management. Pearson Higher Ed. Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013.Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Petty, J.W., Titman, S., Keown, A.J., Martin, P., Martin, J.D. and Burrow, M., 2015.Financial management: Principles and applications. Pearson Higher Education AU. Stice, E. K., Stice, J. D. (2013).Intermediate accounting. Cengage Learning.

How Europe Underdeveloped Africa free essay sample

Rodney was born in Guyana, South America in 1 942 where only thirty-eight years later he was assassinated by the Guyana government. Fortunately, Rodney was a bright and driven individual who left behind a great deal of valuable studies. He spent the bulk of his life traveling and was known around the world as an activist and scholar.Rodney studied costly in Jamaica and London but also spent time as a significant activist in the Black Power movement through the Caribbean and North America. Rodney was the author of many books, which explored various areas of Africa but mostly pertaining to Africans history, economy, wars, and government Exposing controversial topics was common work for Rodney. In efforts to help the people of Guyana and other parts of Africa, he worked to uncover the corrupt ways of the government.According to close friends Rodney was aware of the dangers of his work and choice to move back to Guyana but he dad a commitment to the liberation and development of his people. We will write a custom essay sample on How Europe Underdeveloped Africa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since his death Rodney has continually been remembered through his works and the numerous awards given on his behalf. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa explores several avenues of how Africa was underdeveloped because of Europeans. Rodney aims to present a clear and truthful explanation as to why Africa is less successful than most of the world. Chapter one explains underdevelopment as being an unequal comparison in the social and economic development of countries.To fully understand the following chapters it is necessary to have a clear grasp that Africa was developing but due to restrictions and exploitation from Europe, Africa became underdeveloped in comparison to other countries. From there Rodney explains the history of Africa and the times during the 1 5th century when Africans economy was rapidly growing. He also includes the contribution Africa made to help Europe during the pre-colonial era. Rodney then proposes his main argument that the slave trade and exploitation of Africa by the European powers were the main contributors to Africans underdevelopment. The thesis of this book is that Africa first and foremost holds great responsibility for their development but Europe is who actively exploited Africa in order to prosper from their underdevelopment. Africa has been based on an imperialist system, which is an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship. The imperialist system contributed to the economic hindrance by making it challenging for Africa to produce resources for their continent and by draining the wealth. The economic and power issues present within Africa made it easier for European capitalists to exploit Africa.Capitalists thrive off of ownership and production for profit. Europeans saw Africa as a naive society, thus they took an opportunity to control leadership and the production of goods for a profit through their capitalist background. Accomplices within Africa, Europe and the United States partook in the exploitation and therefore the underdevelopment of Africa. The most significant and brutal contribution of Europe to Africans underdevelopment was the slave trade. Europeans came into Africa and destroyed the culture and communities that were home to African peoples.They took the people, whom were working hard to build Africa, to use for their own good. Many features of European society and economy can be contributed to the slave trade such as shipping, insurance, capitalist agriculture, technology, manufacturing, and trans-national economic links in Europe. Europeans used Africans to help build their economy and eventually build America. As Europe used the slave trade to grow and become a more prosperous country, across the water Africa was falling apart. The slave trade destroyed Africans economic and social system. The most immediate effect was the drastic decline in the African population. A large majority of remaining Africans began to participate in slave hunting as well as gathering other items of trade for the Europeans. The African community was built on family but was abolished through the trade when neighbors, friends, and family sold each other in order to survive. The local agriculture and technologies in Africa were neglected because of the great focus put towards pleasing the Europeans and simply surviving. One of the maximum impacts of the trade and influences from Europeans as the psychological effect it had on Africans.Africans were torn apart as a community and devastated as a race. In order to maintain control of Africans, Europeans suggested that their achievement came from the fact God wanted whites to be successful. Due to cultural and psychological crisis from the abuse of Europeans, Africans and most of the world accept at least part of what Europeans preached. The view that whites are superior causes Africans to doubt themselves, their race, and their country. As a result, Africans were lacking the psychological stamina to overcome the past and find success.The exploitation of Africa grew to a higher degree as Europeans took control of oceanic trade routes, Europeans possessed superior vessels and cannons, which gave them control of the waterways and the control over trade. Africa is naturally a very rich land with mineral wealth and climate suitable for successful agriculture. Unfortunately the wealth produced was not retained in Africa but used for European benefit. Africa was blind to the international trade taking place between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Although in order to transport goods, Europeans used African labor and natural sources.The trading relationship between Africa and Europe is one of unequal exchange and exploitation. As time passed and Europe started to help colonize Africa it was portrayed that triumph would equalize. This however was not the case. The colonial government built roads, schools, hospitals, and the like that were supposed to aid the African community. These services were not what the African community needed at this time. The colonial government came in and set Africa up in the manner they deemed appropriate. Africa needed social services and this was no surprise or unknown.Once Europe began to assist Africa, the white community living in Africa received much of the assistance. It was clear that the poor European settlers wanted to enjoy luxury rise in Africa and with the aid of social services during colonialism they were able to do so. The amenities provided during this time do not represent the relief that Africans received because the majority was given to the white settlers. Well into the 21st century Europe has tried to depict the supposed assistance that they have provided to Africa as a beacon of equality. Unfortunately, all of that as a facade, doing more harm than good.Walter Rodney was a well-versed writer and activist. Rodney gathered extensive research identifying causes and outcomes of historical uproar that took place in Africa. Rodney also used primary sources from Europeans and African documents. He also used secondary sources from other historians throughout both European and African history. I have become a huge fan of Walter Rodney after reading this book. The way that he writes and describes history is easily understandable. He includes important and entertaining detail when explaining a situation.His target audience would be scholars and students, but his work would benefit the general public as well. The book is appropriate for both Africans and Americans alike to grasp an understanding of world history. I also found the text to be disturbing by discovering how mankind can deliberately hold each other back in order to be successful. It is terrifying to realize how corrupt the world is. Overall I enjoyed the book, learned a great deal about European, African, and world history, and would definitely recommend this book in the future. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa free essay sample Details of traditional Igbo government and social structure varied from place to place throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, but its characteristic nature remained the same. The basic unit of Igbo life was the village group, and the most universal institution was the role of the family head. This was usually the oldest man of the oldest surviving generation. His role primarily involved settling family disputes, and because he controlled the channel of communication with the all-important ancestors, he commanded great respect and reverence. In some areas the government of chiefs and elders was composed of a governing age grade, in others the council of elders was made up of the oldest members of particular families. Titles played a major part in this society. There was a hierarchy of ascending titles that were to be taken in order, accompanied by an ascending scale of payments. The system acted as a simple form of social security, in that those who acquired titles paid a particular fee, and then were entitled to share in the payments of those who later acquired titles. We will write a custom essay sample on How Europe Underdeveloped Africa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A series of intense rituals were to be undertaken before acquiring a title, which was considered a symbol of character as well as of success. A titled man’s life was dominated by numerous religious restrictions, and it was expected that these would be strictly adhered to. A few Igbo states, such as Aboh and Onitsha, which had a tradition of origin from elsewhere, were ruled by kings, which were regarded as sacred and lived in ritual seclusion. However, the decisions taken by these kings were by no means final, they were often challenged and overruled by other titled men with whom they were required to consult. In general, however, kingship was an unfamiliar concept to the majority of Igbos. A political institution that was widespread but not universal was that of the age-grade. Each age-grade was responsible for specific areas of community service, and this often promoted rivalry between the groups. This was actually a valuable instrument of social control, in that in order to preserve the good name of their age-group, its members became involved in disciplining and restraining those who tended to cause trouble within the community. Secret societies were also an instrument of social control. Their members would appear at night, masked, in the guise of supernatural beings. Any offenders in the community would be denounced. The anonymity of the members and their supernatural aura meant that this whole performance was taken with great seriousness. Usually, the kinds of decisions that had to be made in traditional Igbo societies were either judicial or connected with relations with other groups. In a judicial case, it was the responsibility of the lineage head to try to settle the matter before bringing it to the elders, who would hear the case in public. A decision that affected the whole town, such as the declaration of war, would generally be put to all the free adult males of the town. The nature of these institutions was extremely flexible for example, a man who had proven his skills at war in the past might be selected to lead the people through this time of crisis, yet would be expected to relinquish this leadership once the time of crisis was past. If the facts of a case were unclear, then in some instances the Igbo would turn to an oracle or to divination. Igboland possessed a regional network of oracles, such as the  Agbala  of Awku, or the  Ibibi Ukpabe  at Arochukwu. These oracles claimed to ascertain the truth of every matter, and were dependent on visitors from every part of Igboland. They rested on deliberate deception and were extremely expensive, far beyond the reach of the poor. However, their good reputation did depend on the fairness of their judgements, which kept their tendency for exploitation in check. Perhaps it was the small scale of their political institutions that made Igboland such a good example of what a democracy should be. Some of the first European visitors to this region were struck by the extent to which democracy was truly practised. A combination of popular participation and real respect for those with ability and experience, led to the smooth running of political institutions. On a smaller scale, Igbo families generally lived in compounds, each a small segment of the village group. The head of the compound was usually the oldest male and within each compound were clusters of huts belonging to different domestic groups. The head of each domestic group is responsible for its members. In Igbo society, seniority by age regulated social placement. Married life was the normal condition for adults, and polygamy for the men was the ideal in fact it acted as an important indication of status. Wives were ranked according to the order in which they married the common husband. Another important feature of Igbo kinship apart from the precedence given to the male, is the idea of seniority by birth. The first male and female children of the domestic group, irrespective of the ranking of their mothers, were given special status, and occupied very important and esponsible social positions in the family. One of the most important distinctions the Igbo make in their status system is that between  Diala  and non-Diala. The  Diala  is a freeborn, a full citizen, whose status at birth is symbolized by the burial of his umbilical cord, preferably at the foot of an oil palm tree. A  Diala  is free to attempt to gain a title, the only barrier to social climbing being the m embership fees that these institutions demand. In contrast, theOhu  was a slave who had very few rights. However, these slaves were more often as not absorbed into the lineage of the master they served, becoming their companions and often marrying their daughters. An  Osu  was a cult-slave; they were a people hated and despised , and to refer to a  Diala  or an  Ohu  as an  Osu  was the gravest of insults. The  Osu  system of slavery originated from the Owerri-Okigwi region. The  Diala  belief is that the  Osu  are descended from a people who, at the recommendation of a diviner, were dedicated to a deity, in order that they may become his servitor. A particular village, lineage or individual that had been experiencing illness or misfortune would â€Å"dedicate† this slave to the deity, in the belief that the slave would then carry out the sins of the dedicator. The  Osu  were feared and hated because they reminded the  Diala  of their guilt. Unlike slaves, they could not be absorbed into their master’s lineage; on the other hand, they were protected by their deity from being sold or killed. The cult-slave status of the  Osu  was legally abolished by the Eastern Nigerian Government in 1956.

3 Types of Problems with Complex Phrasal Adjectives

3 Types of Problems with Complex Phrasal Adjectives 3 Types of Problems with Complex Phrasal Adjectives 3 Types of Problems with Complex Phrasal Adjectives By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, an error pertaining to hyphenation results in a faulty phrasal adjective. Discussion and revision explain and demonstrate how to solve the problem. 1. The company appeared to violate federal law by offering high-interest rate loans in states where such loans are prohibited. This sentence describes rate loans of a high-interest nature, but that’s not the intent of the statement. The phrase â€Å"high interest rate† serves as a phrasal adjective describing the type of loans in question, so those three words should be hyphenated together: â€Å"The company appeared to violate federal law by offering high-interest-rate loans in states where such loans are prohibited.† Alternatively, the sentence can be relaxed: â€Å"The company appeared to violate federal law by offering loans at high interest rates in states where such loans are prohibited.† (Note that no hyphenation occurs in â€Å"high interest rates† because here, high and interest do not modify rates; rather, high modifies â€Å"interest rates.† 2. A robust â€Å"think outside the box† process is needed to establish and sustain this vital dialogue between management and the board. The writer has enclosed â€Å"think outside the box† in scare quotes, apparently on the assumption that the phrase is an obscure idiom that needs to be emphasized as such, but it is familiar to the point of clichà © and therefore doesn’t merit any special treatment. But in this sentence, it is a phrasal adjective, so the four words should be linked with hyphens: â€Å"A robust think-outside-the-box process is needed to establish and sustain this vital dialogue between management and the board.† (If scare quotes were merited, the marks would serve to visually unify the phrasal adjective, so hyphenation would be redundant.) 3. Production environment access management controls can often be improved by providing user access based on role and title. It is technically correct to hyphenate the noun-cum-adjective stack that begins this sentence, but such a laboriously extended phrasal adjective is clumsy. Simplify such a construction by altering the syntax with insertion of prepositions, as in the first example above: â€Å"Controls for access management in the production environment can often be improved by providing user access based on role and title.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-EfficientBody Parts as Tools of MeasurementMay Have vs. Might Have

Some questions about the Art Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Some questions about the Art - Assignment Example The protagonists in this film are left to rely on their minds in solving the situation. The movie is all about relationship, which comes out as the prominent theme. Relationship between Jeff and Lisa is featured. Marriage theme is also featured whereby by the newly wedded couple shift to a new apartment. On approaching a film, we can consider such perspectives like themes, which explain what the movie is all about. Character traits of the casts are also analyzed to identify their roles within the film. Feminist perspective has been used to explain the Rear Window in a criticism on whether women in the movie have their points of view validated since they are explained as being used as objects of the male (Modleski and Tania 34). This movie has still maintained its ability to create fear and tension in an audience despite that it is close to sixty years old. When Thorwald attacks Lisa in his house, the audience is caught with fear and much tension as they watch the reactions of Jeff. Sigmund Freud was the father of psychoanalysis. He was a physiologist, psychologist, and influential thinker. All psychoanalytical concepts in the Rear Window are based on his work. Such concepts like; ego, repression, the stages of psychosexual development and family romance among others are borrowed for the works of Sigmund

Law Enforcement and Citizen Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law Enforcement and Citizen Privacy - Essay Example This paper seeks to analyze and find out the effect that police have on crime. There are several conclusions that have emerged from the various studies made. One study showed that police deployment and level of crime had a reciprocal relationship. This implies that an increase say in the number of police means a reduction in crime while a reduction in the number of police encourages criminal activity. Another study revealed that though some scholars believe that increasing the number of police does not have any effect on crime levels, the truth is that it does reduce crime rates for specific criminal activities. The effect of increasing police numbers vary due to different factors such as the type of crime, police activities, environmental and social characteristics of an area (Ogilvie, Allard & Stewart, 2008). Aggressive patrols, which involve issuing citations, questioning or arresting suspicious and disorderly persons at a high rate tend to have direct and indirect effects on crime. The direct effect is that the patrols send a signal to potential offenders that their chances of arrest are higher than they are in reality. The indirect effect is that the police will be able to closely monitor citizens especially those that look suspicious. They will, therefore, have a high likelihood of finding fugitives, detecting contraband and arresting crime suspects (Sampson & Cohen, 1988). While analysts traditionally embrace the increase in police numbers as an effective way to prevent crime through deterrence and increased apprehension of suspects, empirical evidence does not support this idea. The opposition to this idea is based on the fact that not all police work focuses towards crime reduction. This means that while the police force my recruit more officers, these recruits may be deployed to departments that do not directly deal in crime prevention (Ogilvie, Allard & Stewart, 2008). A study conducted in the

Adaptation To Climate Change In Mauritius Environmental Sciences Essay

Adaptation To Climate Change In Mauritius Environmental Sciences Essay Climate change has been the most debated environmental issue in the political ecology arena in the last two decades. After initiating global discussions in 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio, the United Nations established the Framework Convention in 1994 on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Subsequently, the Kyoto protocol was signed in 1997 by nations except the United States. Many rounds of negotiations have been going on to combat climate change since then. Among other problems resulting from climate change, sea temperature rise in addition to modifications in the intensity and extremes of precipitation patterns and storms are of great importance. Consequent floods and droughts as well as rises in sea level are affecting water quality and aggravating water pollution. Observational records and climate projections provide abundant evidence that freshwater resources are vulnerable and have the potential to be strongly impacted by climate change, with wide-ranging consequences for human societies and ecosystems.(Bates et al., 2008, p.3). Mauritius forms part of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) which are among the least responsible for climate change (UNFCCC, 2005, p.2.) but are more prone to suffer from its adverse effects. The UNFCC report also reveals that 60 per cent of the water supply for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes in Mauritius comes from groundwater and boreholes found near the coast might be adversely impacted by saltwater intrusion (UNFCCC, 2005, p.17). Current solutions to climate change impacts vary from mitigation, which implies reducing the level of human activities that cause climate change, to adaptation, namely by finding ways to lessen vulnerability and minimise harm caused by the impacts. While mitigation is the most suitable solution, it will not bring immediate results and adaptation is consequently a heavily discussed option. As an institutional endeavour to handle adaptation to climate change in Mauritius, the government has an ongoing project under the Africa Adaptation Program, the ultimate goal being revision of policies and identification of adaptation measures for further implementation. However, for successful achievement of policy measures about adaptation to climate change, much public acceptance, understanding and participation is needed. The aim of this research is an understanding and analysis of the perception of undergraduates in Mauritius regarding climate change and adaptation to it, principally with regard to the water resources sector. The findings are meant to help the ongoing governmental program of adaptation to climate change in Mauritius by exploring in particular the perception of young academics with regard to the water sector, identifying their preferred adaptation options and assessing their willingness of participation in implementing measures. Introduction The threat from further global warming has catapulted the environment to the summit of the political agenda with climate change as a major concern. The environment envelops an extended range of inter-reliant troubles: flood, drought, desertification, water shortage, deforestation, storm surges, food and malnutrition, species extinction, human health, soil erosion and waste to name a few. As such, the link between the natural and social magnitude of environmental problems can be clearly made. The degree of impact of climate change upon different bionetwork and state economies will depend not only on the sensitivity of those systems to the problem, but also on their aptitude to climate change adaptation. Climate change in itself is a massive crisis and encapsulates several spheres such as impact on Food and Agriculture, Land usage for settlement, tourism, the fisheries sector, Human health, and water resources among others. Water is indispensable to human life and many activities. Our climate, our biosphere and our socio-economic systems are interconnected in an intricate fashion, such that a change in any one of these induces a change in another. Anthropogenic climate change adds a major pressure to nations that are already tackling the issue of sustainable freshwater use. The challenges related to freshwater are: having too much water, having too little water, and having too much pollution. Each of these problems may be aggravated by climate change. For that reason, the correlation between climate change and water resources is of primary concern and significance. So far, water resource issues with respect to climate change have not been adequately tackled pertaining to policy formulations. Consequently, adjusting to or dealing with climate change will become necessary in certain regions and for certain socioeconomic and ecological systems. The need for adaptation may be scaled by ever growing populations especially in areas susceptible to these extreme events. Adaptation now appears to emerge as a new potential solution to the climate change but is not always very comprehensive. From definitions, adaptation refers to adjustments in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts (IPCC, 2007). In other words, it refers to changes in normal processes, customary practices, and structures to restrain likely damages or to profit from opportunity related with climate change. It should be however highlighted that adaptation to environmental change is not a new concept. Our civilization has demonstrated throughout History a strong adaptation capability to different weather conditions and natural changes. T his recent global and local issue of adaptation requires a scientific, economic, political, social and cultural approach and is a multifaceted situation that calls for understanding and recognition by all stakeholders, including decision-makers and the society in general. The island of Mauritius forms part of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) with special needs and concerns and is highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change. Human induced climate change such as global warming as well as natural disasters like tsunami and storms have a direct impact on the water resources of SIDS. Being categorized as high priority, freshwater quality and quantity in addition to management and planning demands urgent adaptation action and financial resources to support such action. (WGII TAR Chapter 17). According to the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDFC) established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), countries should prepare and submit a National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) which enumerates ranked priority adaptation activities and projects to facilitate the development of proposals for implementation. Under the Water Sector priority, SIDS which have already submitted their NAPA (as at Septembe r 2008) have been taken into consideration, to be able to derive similarities and consequent adaptation and mitigation actions to climate change planned by them. This will be used as a basis to analyse their applicability in Mauritius, which has not yet documented its NAPA. SIDS taken into consideration are : In the region of Africa: Cape Verde, Comoros, Guinea Bissau, and Sao Tome e Principe In the region of Asia and the Pacific: Kiribati, Maldives, Samoa, Tuvalu, Vanuatu In the region of Latin America and the Carribean: Haiti Analysis have resulted into specific key problem areas namely, the unavailability or limited availability of drinkable water due to changing weather conditions and the lack of proper infrastructures to manage and sustain water resources, the deterioration of the quality of potable water owing to several factors (for e.g. saline intrusion from sea level rise, soil erosion, unplanned sewerage development, bad waste water management amongst others in underground water sources), poor agricultural production and the negative effects on food security (for e.g production shortages, disruption in the vegetative growing, traditional irrigation methods etc) and other problem factors related to water specific to each SIDS (for example airports of Maldives suffered significant damages due to flooding in addition to impending threat of sea level rise, tsunami caused destruction of the poor sewerage systems, use of traditional sources of water for eg in Sao Tome e Principe) Various global and SIDS adaptation options being either implemented or proposed and which can be considered for implementations in the local context are listed below: Development of water harnessing, collection and storage infrastructures by building reservoirs and dams, encouraging use of individual water-saving devices and promoting safe rainwater harvesting through ground catchment and roof catchment systems, Elaboration of decentralized management plans on water production and distribution infrastructures, Elaboration and implementation of legislation and regulation, with practical modalities of application very defined, Design and construction of suitable sewage treatment and disposal systems to safeguard water resources, Establishing modeling maps and an information and monitoring system on water resources Institutionalization of management system, with the purpose of putting in practice the national politics of the water resources, Reducing leakage in supply systems, Carrying out participatory research on the knowledge of traditional practices of adaptation to the variations of the water cycle. As an institutional endeavour to handle adaptation to climate change in Mauritius, the government also has an ongoing documentation project under the Africa Adaptation Program, the ultimate goal being revision of policies and identification of adaptation measures for further implementation. However, according to Breton et al. (p.15), political measures regarding climate change will require a certain degree of acceptance and public understanding to be able to be implemented. What is climate change in the eyes of the public? What do citizens believe can be done to lessen damages caused by adverse impacts? A study by Leiserowitz in 2007 on international public perception states that social scientists have found that public risk perceptions strongly influence the way people respond to hazards (p.1). Thus, comprehension of how the public perceives climate change and adaptation is a key element in directing the actions that enable both raising awareness and motivating behavioral changes in the population at large. The study of public perception on climate change is of major importance nowadays, as Leiserowitz confirms Since 1988, numerous public opinion polls have found that Americans, Europeans, and Japanese are increasingly aware of and concerned about global climate change and supportive of a wide range of mitigation and adaptation policies (2007, p.3) and different international studies agree on the point that citizens concern for climate change is high. If we look again at the study carried out by Leiserowitz, the conclusion is that large majorities worldwide already believe that climate change is a very serious problem and are growing more concerned (2007, p.34). Globescan (2000 cited in Leiserowitz 2007, p.29) adds that on rating the seriousness of eight environmental issues, water resources ranks first and the results of a survey of 34 countries demonstrate very high levels of public concern about a wide range of environmental issues, from local problems like water and air pollution to global problems like ozone depletion and climate change. In a new survey of 30 countries, Globescan (2001 cited in Leiserowitz 2007, p.11) also finds that Worldwide, the potential impacts of climate change on human health were the single most cited, followed by drought and water shortages, species loss, and extreme weather events whereby drought and water shortages hold a second place as being one possible impact most concerning people personally. According to findings of another survey carried out on climate change belief in Britain (Poortinga et al., 2006, p.19) in 2005, an overwhelming majority of respondents (91%) believe that the worlds climate is changing. The survey concludes that a clear majority of respondents (62%) also indicate that every possible action should be taken against climate change (2006, p. 19), and almost half of the respondents would be prepared to take part in a public discussion or hearing about climate change (2006, p.13). A study by Maddison in 2007 of the public perception of agriculturalists in 11 African countries regarding climate change mentions that When temperatures change farmers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ practice increased water conservation (p. 2). This research will be focusing on the perception of Mauritian university undergraduates on the topic of climate change and adaptation to it, particularly with regard to the water resources sector. The findings of the research would be made available to policy-makers to enable them to propose more practical, focused policies and measures and to deal with the priority level that academics give to adaptation. The background of the proposed study is of great interest because the university students will be required in the future to participate in the implementation of various adaptation and mitigation measures both as citizens and decision makers. Aims and objectives The aim of this research is an understanding and analysis of the perception of undergraduates in Mauritius regarding climate change and adaptation to it, principally with regard to the water resources sector. This research is meant to help an ongoing governmental program of adaptation to climate change in Mauritius by exploring in particular the issue of perception of young academics. Awareness of the perception of climate change and adaptation as well as attitudes and preferences of young academics in Mauritius can help in setting up adaptation priorities specific to the island. Fostering the involvement of young people can facilitate better design of guidelines to adapt to the concerns of the population and aid in producing more effective communication policies. The objective of the study is to discover the view of the university students with regard to climate change and its associated events and whether they perceive implementation of any adaptation measure in the water resources sector to have taken place by now. Another objective will be to ascertain the preferences of those youngsters on the subject of adaptation and mitigation options with respect to the water resources area. The paper will also target to find out whether academic youngsters notice any obstruction to adaptation and will attempt to discover the proportion of youngsters that are aware of climate change but have not yet reacted. Matters considered would be whether they believe climate change to be a very serious problem, their extent of concern for climate change, their view on the duty of institutions to overcome barriers to adaptation, their level of knowledge and information and their preferences regarding different adaptation options. Their rating of seriousness of wa ter resources compared to a range of environmental issues will also be assessed in addition to which extent they consider droughts and water shortages to be a personal concern. The research therefore endeavors to improve our understanding of the links between undergraduates perceptions on climate change and its impacts with regards to water-related issues on one hand, as well as adaptation and mitigation response options preferred by those youngsters, on the other hand. The research will also be carried out in an attempt to inform policymakers and stakeholders about the implications of climate change and climate change response options for water resources, in order to facilitate better design of guidelines to adapt to the concerns of the population and aid in producing more effective awareness campaigns and education policies if necessary. . List of hypotheses Based on several researches that have been done at global level regarding the public perception of climate change and adaptation in the field of water resources, our first hypothesis for this study is that large majorities worldwide already believe that climate change is a very serious problem and are growing more concerned (Leiserowitz, 2007, p.34). The second hypothesis of our study is that when rating the seriousness of a range of environmental issues, water resources problem is ranked first, as confirmed by the findings of the survey of 34 countries carried out by Globescan (2000 cited in Leiserowitz 2007, p.29). The third hypothesis is based on the survey of 30 countries carried out by Globescan (2001 cited in Leiserowitz 2007, p.11) whereby among a list of possible impacts of climate change, drought and water shortages ranked first and second respectively, as being one most possible impact concerning people personally. Methodology The study will be based on a structured questionnaire survey to be carried out at the University of Technology, Mauritius, and the University of Mauritius. The targeted respondents would include some 240 fulltime students, equally divided between each university. A batch of 60 undergraduates studying environment and sustainable development subjects at Level 1 will be selected, as well as a group of 60 level 1 students following other courses, as a pre-survey tactic. To get data on their level of knowledge, another set of level 3 students, 60 learning environment and sustainable development subjects and 60 studying other subjects will also be interrogated. The respondents will be selected considering gender equality and there will be no age limit, so long that the students are either at Level 1 or level 3 of their studies. The questionnaire will be prepared by considering the significance of the knowledge of the academics and to ensure that our objectives will be met. The feedback form will be in English language, which undergraduates will have no difficulty to understand. The interviewers will assist the participants by discussing all questions in the survey document. Survey questions will cover several topics linked to climate change and adaptation in the water resources sector, including: Awareness of climate change and its associated events; Awareness of adaptation measures that exist or can be proposed in the water sector; Perception that implementation of any adaptation measure in the water resources sector has already occurred; preferences regarding adaptation and mitigation options with respect to the water resources area; perceived obstruction to adaptation; Perception of the duty of institutions to overcome barriers to adaptation; Perception on degree of availability of knowledge and information on the matter; Degree of agreement to participate in public debates on the issue of water resources, and Proportion of youngsters that are aware of climate change but have not yet reacted to that, including grounds for action and non action. Open-ended questions will be used regarding grounds for action and non action as well as to gather any personal adaptation proposal not listed in the feedback form. The data obtained during the questionnaire survey will be summarized by making use of computer software for statistical analysis. Benefits of the research Policy-makers at the level of the State and local Government and local authorities will benefit from the findings of the research as they will be able to propose more practical, focused policies and measures which will help in solving the problem of adaptation to climate change in the water resources sector locally. The study will also help in setting up adaptation priorities specific to the island. The Ministry of Renewable Energy and Public Utilities, the Central Water Authority and the Waste Water Management Authority will benefit from the findings of the study when drafting their policy document regarding water resource and its sustainable management. The undergraduates themselves and the academic society in general would benefit from the findings which will indicate the priority level tertiary level students give to this question of adaptation in the field of water resources. Fostering the involvement of young people can also facilitate better design of guidelines to adapt to the concerns of the whole population and aid in producing more effective communication policies, which will be advantageous to the general public. The future generation would gain from the study as the findings would help the current generation in devising practical solutions which will foster sustainable development, given that adverse climate change impacts, if not mitigated, prevent a country from succeeding in the implementation of its sustainable development goals. Time plan The duration of the project is of 12 weeks starting as from Saturday 13 March 2010 till the Saturday 29 May 2010. Figure 1 shows a Gantt chart that has been prepared in this respect to illustrate the project task duration against time. The Gantt chart allows up to date monitoring of the project at any point in time and should the project digress against final plan, remedial actions can thus be taken without delay. Figure 1: Gantt chart for research project Cost Estimates Project Component Total Costs 1 Questionnaire Printing: Photocopy costs Rs 1500 2 Questionnaire distribution and Collection: Transport costs Rs 1000 3 Communications Rs 3000 4 Miscellaneous costs (stationery and others) Rs 500 Total costs estimates Rs 6000